The Paravur Synagogue, located in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, stands as a significant symbol of the Malabari Jewish community, also known as the “Black” Jews, who were the offspring of unions between European Jews and local natives. Believed to have been constructed in 1616 over the ruins of an earlier synagogue established in 1164, the Paravur Synagogue holds immense historical and cultural value. According to an engraving on a stone slab outside the synagogue, the fourth Jewish community leader, David Yaacov Castiel, initiated its reconstruction.

Among the synagogues in Kerala, the Paravur Synagogue is the largest and longest in structure. Its architecture reflects a harmonious blend of Jewish and traditional Kerala design elements. The synagogue's layout, with its prayer hall, Holy Ark (which houses the Torah, the Jewish holy text) and wooden rosettes on the ceiling, follows typical synagogue traditions. However, unique local features such as the Padippura (gateway), traditional lamps in the prayer room, and a special seating arrangement for women reflect Kerala's cultural influence. Additionally, some Portuguese architectural elements are also present.

The Paravur Synagogue has faced significant challenges throughout its history. It was bombarded during the Portuguese invasion in 1635 and rebuilt by a wealthy family. Later, during the late 1700s, Tipu Sultan’s armies damaged the synagogue during the Second Anglo-Mysore Wars. Despite these setbacks, the synagogue was eventually renovated, though it took many years to restore.

By the 1950s and 1960s, the Jewish community in Kerala migrated en masse to Israel, making it difficult for the remaining congregants to maintain the synagogue or conduct religious services. In the 1990s, the original Bimah (a raised platform for reading the Torah) and the Holy Ark were dismantled and taken to Israel. Ownership of the synagogue was transferred to the Government of Kerala in 2009.

Under the Muziris Heritage Project, led by Kerala’s Departments of Tourism and Archaeology, the Paravur Synagogue underwent extensive renovations between 2010 and 2013. Today, it stands as the “Kerala Jews History Museum,” preserving the legacy of the Jewish community and offering visitors a glimpse into the rich history of the Jews in Kerala.